ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
Keywords:
Environmental biotechnology, green technologies, bioremediation, phytoremediation, bioenergy, wastewater treatment, circular bioeconomy, renewable energy, waste management, sustainabilityAbstract
Environmental biotechnology and green technologies have emerged as important approaches for addressing pollution, resource depletion, climate change, waste generation, and increasing environmental pressure caused by industrialization and population growth. Environmental biotechnology uses microorganisms, plants, algae, enzymes, biological processes, and engineered biological systems to prevent pollution, recover resources, treat wastewater, remediate contaminated soil, convert waste into useful products, and produce renewable energy. Green technologies complement these approaches by emphasizing resource efficiency, low emissions, renewable energy, waste minimization, circular production, and environmentally responsible technological development. Recent research demonstrates growing integration between microbial bioremediation, phytoremediation, microalgal systems, anaerobic digestion, bioenergy, bioplastics, biosensors, artificial intelligence, and circular bioeconomy strategies. For example, recent reviews identify microbial technologies, phytoremediation, microbial fuel cells, biogas systems, and biological waste conversion as promising approaches for reducing environmental impacts and supporting sustainable development. This research paper examines the contribution of environmental biotechnology and green technologies to pollution control, resource recovery, renewable energy production, and sustainable environmental management. A systematic literature-based research approach was adopted using recent scholarly literature published mainly between 2023 and 2026. The findings indicate that biological treatment systems can provide environmentally compatible alternatives to several conventional technologies, although challenges related to cost, scalability, technological optimization, regulation, infrastructure, and public acceptance remain. The study concludes that combining environmental biotechnology with green technological innovation and circular-economy principles can strengthen environmental protection while supporting resource efficiency and sustainable development.
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