DEALINGS WITH NON-MUSLIMS IN THE LIGHT OF HADITH:A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF JURISPRUDENTIAL PRINCIPLES AND CONTEMPORARY REQUIREMENTS

Abstract

This study undertakes a scholarly and analytical exploration of Muslim–non-Muslim relations in the
light of Prophetic traditions. Islamic teachings emphasize justice, fulfillment of covenants, moral conduct, and
human dignity as guiding principles for social and legal interactions. The sayings and practices of the Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him) provide a comprehensive framework for dealing with non-Muslims through
honesty, compassion, and respect.Classical jurists, drawing upon these Prophetic foundations, developed detailed
jurisprudential principles that outline the rights and responsibilities of non-Muslims, including dhimmīs,
mustaʾmins, and treaty-bound communities. This research offers a comparative analysis of these juristic views,
highlighting how they were implemented historically and how they remain relevant within the modern socio-legal
context.In contemporary times, characterized by pluralistic societies and international legal frameworks, the
universal spirit of Islamic guidance ensures peaceful coexistence, fairness, and equality of human beings. This
paper argues that the Prophetic principles embedded in Islamic jurisprudence continue to provide essential
guidance for Muslim societies, enabling them to engage with non-Muslims on the basis of justice, mutual respect,
and shared humanity.